Key Topics Covered:

Introduction and Karyotyping:
Overview of cytogenetics, karyotyping techniques, and analysis.

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH):
Fundamentals and clinical applications.

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH):
Methodologies and molecular cytogenetics.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlation:
Case studies linking chromosomal variations to clinical outcomes.

Microdeletion Syndromes:
Diagnostic approaches and analysis of syndromes.

Uniparental Disomy (UPD):
Mechanisms, clinical implications, and expert discussion.

Marker and Ring Chromosomes:
Identification techniques and clinical significance.

Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening:
Non-invasive methods and risk assessment.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD):
Genetic testing techniques for early-stage embryos.

Chromosome Instability Syndromes:
Challenges and diagnostic strategies.

Cytogenetics in Hematology:
Applications in diagnosing hematological disorders.

Male Infertility:
Cytogenetic findings and reproductive implications.

International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN):
Reporting standards and multiple-choice practice questions.

Laboratory Operations:
Quality assurance, compliance, and accreditation in cytogenetics.

Advanced Molecular Techniques:
Integration of FISH and CGH with emerging diagnostic tools.